| MINISTERIAL
MEETING OF
THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
ON THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN
PUTRAJAYA, 7-10 MAY 2005
PUTRAJAYA
DECLARATION AND
PROGRAMME OF ACTION
ON THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN IN
MEMBER COUNTRIES OF
THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT
1. We, the Ministers and other Heads of Delegation from Member Countries
of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) met in Putrajaya, Malaysia, from
9 to 10 May 2005, to discuss issues faced by women in the era of
globalization recognise that the participation of women and the
integration of their perspectives, in all sectors and at all levels,
are essential to their empowerment and to the achievement of gender
equality and equity.
In conformity with the
principles and obligations of NAM Members, we hereby:
2. Reaffirm our determination
to preserve the noble ideals and principles of the Movement as initiated
by its founders so as to further consolidate and make the Movement
as the leading force in the 21st Century;
3. Recall that the Heads
of State and Government of NAM Member Countries called upon States
which are not parties to the Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women to work actively towards ratification
of or accession to it and encourage all members to consider signing,
ratifying or acceding to the Optional Protocol to the Convention;
4. Recognise the need
for full and accelerated implementation of the Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women by States
parties to the Convention;
5. Reaffirm also that
the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and the outcome
of the twenty–third special session of the General Assembly,
entitled “Women 2000:gender equality, development and peace
for the twenty-first century” are important contributions
to the advancement of women worldwide and for achieving gender equality;
6. Welcome the adoption
of the Declaration by the Commission on the Status of Women at its
forty-ninth session;
7. Acknowledge the progress
made in addressing issues of concern with regard to women and mindful
of the gaps, challenges and obstacles which remain in our efforts
to empower women and in achieving gender equality;
8. Recognise that international
cooperation, including South-South Cooperation, and partnership
in the context of the Movement’s comparative advantage based
on the principle of common values in diversity, is the most effective
way of working towards women’s empowerment and gender equality
and equity;
9. Recognise further
the importance of expanding and accelerating NAM’s efforts
in enhancing the empowerment of women and the need to harmonize
these efforts with the commitments made at all related major UN
Conferences and Summits as well as the internationally agreed development
goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration;
10. Recognise the persistent
problems and challenges faced by women and girls and hereby resolve
to empower them by taking actions in the following areas:
A. Women,
Poverty and Economic Development
11. Continued marginalisation
of the developing countries from the benefits of globalization,
persistent income and economic gaps between the developed and developing
countries, barriers faced by developing countries to markets, capital
and technology, widening gap between the developed and developing
countries, especially the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and aggravation
of the problems deriving from poverty and social injustices have
particularly adverse impact on women.
12. Increasing globalisation
and trade liberalization have multiple impacts on the capacity of
developing countries to create employment, livelihood opportunities
and to achieve poverty eradication goals. Whilst women have enjoyed
some benefits, most of them still suffer from increased poverty,
deteriorating working conditions and job insecurity.
13. Structural adjustment
programmes, the increasing debt burden faced by the most indebted
developing countries, in particular the least developed countries,
is unsustainable and constitutes one of the principal obstacles
to achieving progress, sustainable development and poverty eradication
strategies, that particularly affect women and girls.
14. Women’s empowerment,
their active participation and direct involvement in the economic
sphere are critical to the achievement of sustainable development
and poverty eradication in the Member Countries of the Non-Aligned
Movement. Creating an environment which empowers women to achieve
upward mobility in the economic sphere in both the formal and informal
sectors is an essential part of the national agenda.
15. In this regard, the
role of the family unit that respects the human rights of all its
members as an institution that provides the highest degree of material
and moral well being is extremely important as stated in the Doha
Declaration on Family adopted on 30 November 2004.
16. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Integrate women’s
interests and concerns into national economic policies and reforms
on a basis of equality with men taking into consideration the effect
of global economic trends;
b) Strengthen the role
of public sector in ensuring and providing comprehensive health
services to women as well as education and social security services
to enable their full integration into economic activities;
c) Enhance the gender-analytic
capacity of economists at all levels and in all institutions;
d) Develop and institutionalize
gender-responsive budgets, monitor gender budget analysis and the
utilization of these gender budgets;
e) Ensure that women’s
contribution in the unpaid and informal sector is quantified and
duly included in the national accounting systems;
f) Develop and enforce
policies that recognise and value the contribution of women in the
economy that would increase their productivity and economic and
social security;
g) Involve women actively
in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
macroeconomic policies, strategies and programmes;
h) Develop programmes
to increase women’s productive capacity which includes accessibility
to technology related knowledge and skills;
i) Promote research on
the impacts of globalisation and trade liberalization on women’s
economic status to develop better understanding and mainstreaming
of women’s issues in decision-making processes;
j) Formulate strategies
to effectively address circumstances causing negative impacts of
globalization on the situation of women and girls worldwide;
k) Provide women, especially
marginalised and vulnerable categories of women, access to financing
in particular micro-credit and marketing facilities and provide
corresponding capacity-building programmes in gender awareness,
fund management, and other appropriate skills;
l) Provide an enabling
environment that removes gender specific barriers and creates opportunities
for women’s entrepreneurial development;
m) Strengthen the incentive
role of the public sector as employer to develop an environment
that effectively affirms and empowers women;
n) Include gender perspectives
in finance and trade negotiations at all levels;
o) Strengthen networking
and communication at all levels to broaden and enhance women’s
potential in economic activities;
p) Facilitate creation
of sustainable jobs and livelihood opportunities to improve women’s
position in the labour market and ensure favourable working conditions
for all women, including migrant women, consistent with all their
human rights;
q) Enact and enforce
legislation to guarantee the rights of women and men to equal pay
for equal work or work of equal value;
r) Make adequate provisions
for child care services and formulate policies that will enable
parents to balance family responsibility with work responsibilities;
s) Demand the fulfilment
by developed countries of the commitment of 0.7% of their Gross
National Product to be devoted to Official Development Assistance,
which is one of the key elements for the development of economic
policies towards women; and
t) Promote the collection
of gender disaggregated data both qualitative and quantitative for
nationally monitoring and evaluating the impact of globalisation
and trade liberalization on women.
B. Women
in Power and Decision Making
17. Equal participation
of women and men in decision-making will provide a balance that
more accurately reflects the composition of society and is needed
in order to strengthen democracy and promote quality growth. However,
little progress has been made in attaining positions of political
power for women and they are largely under-represented in almost
all sectors and at all levels of decision-making, including in the
Government.
18. The increased participation
of women at the decision-making level is essential to the empowerment
of women.
19. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Formulate and adopt
policies to increase participation and representation of women in
all commissions, tribunals, local government bodies, statutory bodies,
among others, set up by the government with the view to achieving
equal representation of women;
b) Adopt affirmative
action policies to increase the proportion of women at the decision-making
level, at least to a minimum 30 percent in both public and private
sector bodies including in the legislatures;
c) Review the criteria
and process of appointment to decision-making bodies in the public
and private sectors to encourage increased women’s participation
and representation;
d) Take measures, as
appropriate, to ensure that political parties, trade unions and
all other private sector bodies commit themselves to women’s
equal access to and full participation in power structures and decision
making at all levels;
e) Raise awareness among
women and men on the importance of women participation in decision
making processes at all levels in political, economic and financial
sectors, and in this connection, develop leadership training programmes
for women, especially for young women, to enable them to exercise
responsibilities at all levels;
f) Promote equal access
to education, property rights and inheritance rights and to information
technology and business and economic opportunities, including in
international trade, in order to provide women with the tools that
enable them to take part fully and equally in decision making processes
at all levels; and
g) Facilitate and create
enabling conditions to have access and to ensure active participation
of women in decision-making positions both in urban and rural areas.
C. Women
and Education
20. Education is a human
right and an essential as well as a powerful tool for achieving
gender equality, development and peace. However, millions of children
do not have access to schooling, the majority of whom are girls.
At the secondary and tertiary levels, women are still very much
under-represented in the field of science and technology, particularly
in engineering, physics and mathematics.
21. The advancement of
women in NAM countries depends very much on their educational level
and the quality of education they receive. Male and female students
should have equal access to education and benefit from teaching
methods, academic orientation, counselling and curricula free of
stereotyping and unaffected by gender-bias.
22. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Guarantee free and
universal education to all as a key issue for the development of
our societies and for the advancement of women and girls;
b) Create awareness of
the importance of gender equality and develop gender analytic capabilities
throughout the education and training system;
c) Take all appropriate
measures to enforce compulsory education to 12th grade instead of
9th grade;
d) Take all appropriate
measures to ensure that women and girls have equal opportunity and
access at all levels to formal, informal and non-formal education
as well as technical and vocational trainings, and set benchmarks
to monitor progress;
e) Take all appropriate measures to ensure the equal participation
of women in decision-making and management level in education systems;
f) Provide women and
girls on equal basis with men and boys access to scholarships, study
grants, financial aids and all other relevant facilities;
g) Eliminate negative
stereotyping in all curricula and teaching materials made available
to male and female students to fight discrimination against women;
h) Ensure that private
sector educational institutions adhere to gender equality policy
to encourage equal education of women and girls;
i) Take all necessary
measures to strengthen public educational system to improve women’s
and girls access to all levels of education;
j) Promote illiteracy eradication programme and provide increased
opportunities and facilities for lifelong learning for women;
k) Provide equal opportunities
for women and girls to participate actively in all school programmes
and activities;
l) Remove structural
and cultural impediments to increase the enrolment of female students
in science and technology disciplines at the tertiary level; and
m) Facilitate access
to professional education to widows in war affected countries.
D. Women
and Health
23. Establish training
centres and raise funds to support and educate community-based health
workers in remote areas.
24. Women’s health
is recognised as a central concern in promoting their well-being
and ability to participate in all areas of public and private life.
Therefore, women have the right to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of physical and mental health. Women in many
parts of the world have different and unequal access to and use
of basic resources, including primary health services for the prevention
and treatment of various diseases.
25. Ensure safe motherhood
and safe birthing for women living in conflict areas or in areas
of natural catastrophes.
26. Ensure the protection
of women and girls from sexual abuse in conflict areas.
27. The number of women
and girls infected and affected by HIV and AIDS has been increasing
steadily including the rate of death and is of grave concern to
NAM countries. The morbidity and mortality related to reproductive
health, malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases are
of major concern to NAM countries. The social, developmental and
health consequences of these diseases need to be examined from a
gender perspective.
28. Preventive and comprehensive
care and support and access to affordable medication in the context
of such pandemics are essential elements of an effective response
and are fundamental to achieving the full realization of the right
of everyone, including women, to the enjoyment of the highest attainable
standards of physical and mental health.
29. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Formulate appropriate
policies and programmes to address health rights of women from the
perspective of women’s needs and interests, taking into consideration
distinctive features and factors that differ for women in comparison
with men, particularly the different responsibilities in the care
of those infected and affected by HIV and AIDS;
b) Ensure that women
have equal access to health care services, information and education
through out the life cycle;
c) Reaffirm the right
to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical
and mental health, protect and promote the attainment of this right
for women and girls and incorporate it in national legislation;
d) Provide adequate and
gender-sensitive services to address all reproductive health needs
and increase resources to such services;
e) Raise awareness and
understanding among men and boys about their responsibilities of
protecting women’s health needs, particularly their reproductive
health;
f) Provide necessary
sexual education at school level as an effective HIV and AIDS prevention
tool;
g) Promote gender-specific
economic, social and legal measures aimed at combating persistent
and emerging infectious diseases, inter alia the HIV and AIDS, malaria
and tuberculosis pandemics and intensify prevention campaigns;
h) Take all necessary
measures to empower women and strengthen their economic independence
and to protect and promote their full enjoyment of all human rights
and fundamental freedoms in order to enable them to protect themselves
from HIV infection;
i) Address gender power
relations in order to protect women and girls from being vulnerable
to HIV/AIDS and HIV and AIDS related violence through legislation,
law enforcement, advocacy and sensitization;
j) Encourage the establishment
of a fund to ensure women’s access to post-exposure prophylaxes,
anti-retroviral treatment, mother-to-child transmission prevention
treatment (before and after delivery), as well as support for homecare
services;
k) Support the initiative
of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and of
other international bodies combating such pandemics, and encourage
the Global Fund to develop effective far-reaching and comprehensive
processes for the disbursement of funds;
l) Support the initiative
of the Secretary-General of the United Nations and relevant United
Nations agencies, developed and developing countries and the private
sector to make drugs related to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria
more accessible to developing countries and noting that much more
can be done in this regard, especially in respect of women;
m) Monitor and address
the newly emerging types of violence and human rights abuses within
the context of HIV and AIDS. Priority should be given to making
available and monitoring care and support services for preventing
the exploitation and abuse of orphans;
n) Establish, as appropriate,
gender indicators to monitor healthcare programmes, goals and outcomes,
particularly for HIV and AIDS; and
o) Educate the society
on the importance of social inclusion of people living with HIV
and AIDS in particular women and girls.
E. Women,
the Media and ICT
30. The emergence of
new information and communication technologies (ICT) poses opportunities
and challenges for the promotion of gender equality. The role of
ICT as a tool for development cannot be over-emphasised and is central
to the empowerment of women in the developing countries.
31. It is particularly important to address gender-based discrimination
and inequalities that undermine women’s access to opportunities
in the emerging knowledge and information society, and that diminish
the potential of ICT and the media to be an effective tool for the
promotion of gender equality.
32. The media in many
countries do not provide a balanced picture of women’s diverse
lives and contributions to society. In addition, violent and degrading
or pornographic media products are also negatively affecting women
and their participation in society. Efforts must be made to stop
the projection of negative and degrading images of women in the
media communications – electronics, print, visual and audio.
33. Strengthen national
and international measures to deter and stop cyber-crimes such as
the utilization of the internet for trafficking of women and girls.
34. Promote the use of
ICT network to connect the member countries of NAM for sharing of
experiences and best practices.
35. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Develop domestic policies
to ensure that gender perspective is fully integrated into ICT programmes,
including in education and training at all levels, in curriculum
development, teacher training, institutional administration, management
and lifelong learning;
b) Promote early intervention
programmes in ICT that target young girls in order to encourage
them to involve themselves in ICT related disciplines and to increase
the number of women in ICT careers;
c) Develop programmes
that provide an opportunity for women to acquire the necessary skills
and knowledge in order to understand, participate actively in, and
benefit fully from ICT;
d) Create an enabling
environment that will promote equitable and affordable access to
ICT infrastructure and services;
e) Promote e-literacy
programmes for women and girls, including those living in rural
areas, to empower them with ICT related knowledge and skills;
f) Assist women entrepreneurs
to increase their competitiveness through the use of ICT;
g) Facilitate women’s
access to capital and enhance their capacity to participate in ICT-related
projects, including home-office projects;
h) Promote tele-working
as an alternative mode of working for women in order to allow them
to work flexible hours and locations;
i) Promote the exchange
of best practices on the integration of gender perspectives in ICT
education at all levels and strengthen cooperation among member
countries on this issue;
j) Promote effective
participation of women in national, regional and international forums
on ICT;
k) Increase the participation
and access of women to expression and decision-making in and through
the media and the ICT;
l) Promote women’s
full participation in the media, including management, programming,
education, training and research;
m) Promote a balanced
and non-stereotyped portrayal of women in the media; and
n) Call upon the media
to promote gender equality and the advancement of women and to intensify
its contribution to combat violence against women including through
awareness raising campaigns.
F. Women
and Armed Conflict
36. War and militarism
have profound adverse consequences on women and children.
37. Casualties of war,
armed conflicts, including in situations of foreign occupation,
are mostly civilians, the majority of whom are women and children.
However, women’s participation in the peace and security,
decision-making processes and agreement negotiations is very low.
Their absence at the peace table causes insufficient attention to
and reflection of the concerns of women in peace and security processes.
Therefore, NAM Member States recognise that gender perspective is
essential in addressing the special needs of women in armed conflict
situation.
38. While both men and
women suffer from the consequences of armed conflict, there is a
differential impact on women and girls. Integration of gender perspectives
in the prevention and resolution of conflicts and in peace building
can significantly contribute to the protection of women and girls.
39. Express our grave
concern over the suffering of Palestinian and Syrian women under
Israeli occupation. In particular, we strongly condemn the violation
of their political, economic and social rights by the Israeli occupation.
40. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Support and strengthen
international legal mechanisms to ensure that women and girls are
protected from all forms of war crimes and gender-based violence;
b) Develop mechanisms
that affirm and promote the role of women in the prevention and
resolution of conflicts and in peace-building and stresses the importance
of their full and equal participation in all efforts to maintain
and promote peace and security and the need to increase their role
in decision-making with regard to conflict prevention and resolution
and the rebuilding of post-conflict societies;
c) Take all appropriate
measures to bring an end to situations of foreign occupation, armed
conflict and terrorism, which remain a major obstacle for women
with regard to their advancement, self-reliance and integration
in the development planning of their society;
d) Address the various
dimensions of rehabilitation and reintegration of women and girl
refugees, including the psychological consequences of rape and other
forms of gender-based violence;
e) Put in place mechanisms
and programmes for the protection of women and girls in refugee
and Internally Displaced Persons camps against violence and all
forms of sexual abuse and exploitation and to ensure the enforcement
of action against the perpetrators in accordance with the law;
f) Provide humanitarian
assistance including the health needs, especially reproductive and
sexual health of women and girls in conflict, refugee, and IDP situations;
g) Increase and hasten,
as appropriate, subject to national security considerations, the
conversion of military resources and related industries to development
and peaceful purposes;
h) Reject the adoption
of and demand to put an end to unilateral coercive measures not
in accordance with international law and the Charter of the United
Nations, that impedes the full achievement of economic and social
development by the population of the affected country, in particular
women and children, that hinders their well-being and that creates
obstacles to the full enjoyment of all their human rights;
i) Encourage, by all
means, education on human rights and peace and to promote non-violence;
and
j) Promote a culture
of peace, dialogue among civilizations and tolerance and strengthen
international solidarity and cooperation among peoples through education
for all.
G. Violence
against Women
41. Violence against
women is an obstacle to the achievement of the objectives of equality,
development and peace. Violence against women both violates and
impairs and/or nullifies the enjoyment by women of their human rights
and fundamental freedoms. Violence affects the lives of millions
of women worldwide, in all strata of the community impeding their
ability to participate fully in society.
42. Assist governments
of war-affected countries, upon their request, in the confiscating
and disposal of small arms and light weapons used to inflict harm
and violence in particular against women and children.
43. Violence against
women takes a dismaying variety of forms. Combating violence against
women requires changing the way gender roles and power relations
articulated in society. NAM Member Countries should play a key role
in eliminating gender-based violence especially during armed conflict,
and in this regard stresses the importance of awareness-raising
about UN Codes of Conduct for UN peacekeeping personnel.
44. We hereby commit
ourselves to:
a) Review and amend all
laws in order to identify and eliminate negative traditional and
customary practices that discriminate against women;
b) Provide training to
all relevant agencies, especially investigative personnel and the
judiciary, national NGOs, communities and individuals on ways to
prevent and address gender-based violence using integrated approaches;
c) Educate women and
girls on their rights and provide legal aid, counselling and other
support services;
d) Educate men and boys to respect women and girls as equal partners
in all spheres of life and society and mobilize them against gender-based
violence;
e) Enact and enforce
legislation against the perpetrators of practices and acts of violence
against women and children;
f) Develop and implement
national, regional and international plans, multi-sectoral strategies
and measures to combat all forms of violence, including trafficking
in persons, particularly women and girls, child sexual exploitation
and protection of migrant workers;
g) Document and disseminate
case studies of good practices in combating violence against women
and girls;
h) Create an enabling
environment to combat all forms of violence against women and children
living in situations of armed conflict and foreign occupation;
i) Establish appropriate
national monitoring mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating implementation
of measures taken to eliminate violence against women and girls;
j) Support development
at the national level, of a collaborative relationship with relevant
non-governmental and community-based organizations and other relevant
actors of civil society aimed at the development and effective implementation
of provisions and policies relating to violence against women and
girls;
k) Adopt effective policies
and practices to condemn and remedy abusive relationships within
marriage and the family including the establishment of public agencies
to assist women, children, men and families in crisis; and
l) Establish and strengthen,
as appropriate, facilities for women to voice their complaints and
care centres for the protection, counselling and rehabilitation
of the victims of all forms of violence.
H. Women
and Disaster Situations
45. The number, scale
and impact of natural disasters in recent times have increased,
resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths and over a million
displaced and homeless persons.
46. Women and children
account for the vast majority of those adversely affected by natural
disasters and their aftermath.
47. We hereby
commit ourselves to:
a) Integrate a gender
perspective in post-disaster relief, recovery, rehabilitation and
reconstruction efforts; and ensure that women take an active and
equal role in all phases of disaster management and post-disaster
recovery; and
b) Promote and support
networks to prepare and respond to natural disasters with women
and girls at the centre of all relief, rescue and rehabilitation
work.
I. Gender Mainstreaming
48. NAM member countries recognise that the full and effective implementation
of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action and its follow-up
processes and the promotion of gender equality and of women’s
empowerment and participation, together with the widely accepted
strategy of gender mainstreaming, are among the essential elements
for advancing the implementation of the Millennium Declaration,
with a view, in particular, to achieving the internationally agreed
development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration
and the outcomes of United Nations summits, conferences and special
sessions.
49. Gender mainstreaming
in all legislation, policies, and programmes is an essential process
to women’s empowerment and their full participation in all
spheres of society. It facilitates the integration of women’s
differing experience and needs into the development process, as
well into the society and helps to change the negative social norms
that discriminate against women. NAM member States recognise that
effective gender mainstreaming is critical to the empowerment of
women and to the achievement of gender equality.
50. We hereby commit
ourselves to:a) Take all necessary measures, including in the area
of law, policy, programme and activities to eliminate discrimination
against women within public and private sectors;
b) Implement affirmative
actions, where needed, to accelerate de facto equality rights of
women in all spheres;
c) Raise awareness about
women’s right to equality and the importance of women’s
participation and representation in all spheres and at all levels
in order to eliminate obstacles to women’s equality;
d) Establish benchmarks,
indicators and accurate sex-disaggregated databases for more effective
planning, implementation and evaluation of progress for the attainment
of de facto equality for women, and monitoring nationally the same;
e) Take steps to ensure
that women will benefit equally from all development efforts and
women’s perspectives, concerns and interests are integrated
into every sector of national development plans;
f) Strengthen national
machineries for the advancement of women in order to act as a catalyst
for promoting gender mainstreaming and structure appropriately their
functions at all levels in order to ensure effectiveness and accountability
in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of national policies
for achieving gender equality and to strengthen international development
cooperation including through exchange of good experiences and best
practices;
g) Provide national machineries
for the advancement of women with the necessary and adequate human
and financial resources, including through exploring innovative
funding schemes, so that gender mainstreaming is integrated into
the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of all policies,
programmes and projects;
h) Draw up and strengthen
legal literacy programmes;
i) Encourage and facilitate
harmonious partnership and equal sharing of domestic roles and responsibilities
for the family by women and men, girls and boys;
j) Recognise the role
of civil society, in particular women’s non-governmental organizations,
in contributing to the development, design, implementation and evaluation
of national gender equality initiatives at local, regional and national
levels including through open and participatory dialogue; and
k) Encourage cooperation
and interaction between Governments and members of civil society,
including non-governmental organisations and private sector, in
the implementation of all of the above commitments to the advancement
of women to ensure their empowerment and their full participation
in all sectors and at all levels.
51. We, the Ministers
and other Heads of Delegation from Member Countries of the Non-Aligned
Movement (NAM) hereby:
a) Agreed to recommend
to the Heads of State and Government of the Non-Aligned Movement
that the issue of the advancement of women be integrated into the
mainstream programmes and activities of NAM and that the NAM Ministerial
Meeting on the Advancement of Women be convened on a biennial basis;
and
b) Welcomed the proposal
of Malaysia to initiate the establishment of a centre on gender
and development for NAM in Malaysia, which will serve as an international
institution dedicated to women’s development and empowerment
through a lifelong learning approach.
PUTRAJAYA
10TH MAY 2005
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